Performance Management in a Human Resources Framework Essay Example for Free

Performance Management in a Human Resources Framework Essay Performance Management in a Human Resources Framework Introduction The purpose of this assignment to is to consider Performance Management in a Human Resources Framework. Firstly, the assignment will look at the concept of ‘Human Resources Management’ as a holistic strategic approach to managing the relationship between employer and employee that goes beyond the bounds of mere ‘Personnel Management’. Secondly, in light of the statement from Cooke and Armstrong (1990, cited in Rudman, 2002) that â€Å"Human resources strategies exist to ensure that the culture, values and structure of the organisation and the quality, motivation and commitment of its members contribute fully to the achievement of its objectives† (p. 7), I will examine the extent to which my school’s performance appraisal and professional development policy and practice fit into a human resources framework. Lastly, these examples will be used to identify some of the potential and pitfalls of performance appraisal and professional development for an educational organisation. Human Resources Management – a holistic approach Human resource management (HRM) can be viewed as a holistic approach to managing the relationships in an organisation between the employer and employee. Rudman’s (2002) definition of HRM implies this holistic approach, in that HRM â€Å"covers all the concepts, strategies, policies and practices which organisations use to manage and develop the people who work for them† (p. 3). Several authors (Macky Johnson 2000; McGraw, 1997; Rudman, 2002; Smith, 1998) acknowledge that HRM is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organisations most valued assets the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the organisation. The terms ‘human resource management’ (HRM), ‘human resources’ (HR) and even ‘strategic human resource management’ (SHRM) have largely replaced the term personnel management as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organisations during the decades of the 1980s and 1990s (McGraw, 1997; Rudman, 2002). â€Å"People have been making personnel decisions since the earliest of times† (Rudman, 2002, p. 2), however, from a historical perspective, the modern form of personnel management was founded from the time of the industrial revolution on two main beliefs: 1) the employer’s concern for the welfare of its workers, and 2) the organisation’s need for control (Rudman, 2002). Over the last century personnel management evolved through the changing responses between these two beliefs and altered because of influences through scientific management, the industrial welfare and human relations movements, the developm ent of trade unions and collective bargaining, and the growth of employment-related legislation (Rudman, 2002). Today, personnel management is associated with the functional aspects of people in organisations, whereas HRM is associated with the strategic aspects of people in organisations (Rudman, 2002). In practice the distinction between Personnel and Human Resource Management is often blurred because organisations need both function and strategic direction for managing and developing people (McGraw, 1997). Personnel management (PM) is therefore often used to describe the work related with administering policies and procedures for staff appointments, salaries, training and other employer/employee interactions.

Absurdity: An Essay On The Stranger :: essays research papers

An Essay on†¦ The Stranger; The Absurd "One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all And in the Darkness bind them" (Lord of the Rings Volume II, The Council of Elrond) Within the Stranger, Albert Camus brought up many questions and a few answers. He created an outsider to society and showed us how he lived, Meursault. Meursault was always indifferent. Meursault accepted death. Why? Meursault saw the purpose of life meaningless. That is â€Å"Absurdity†! Absurdity, how does that word sound? Pretty bad, eh? Absurdity when used like â€Å"that’s absurd!† gives the feeling of negative judgment and a sense of finality. The idea of the Absurd seems to attach itself with meaningless, pointless and other such words that express a destination but without the means to get there and vice versa means but no destination. So from there I inferred that Camus does not believe in God nor any high law or universal law that are associated with a divinity, which is a path in life (either the means or the destination). So what is Absurd? The Absurd is living, a quest to find the meaning of anything within a reality with no purpose. Reality has no purpose because there is no high law, a universal law nor a God. Therefore this reality must be randomness. I believe that Camus wants us to see thi s and begin questioning our existence. So he wants he wants us to see the Absurdity and to cope with the Absurdity. If there is no point to living why do we continue to live? If this reality is absurd why don’t we recognize that and commit suicide? Taking one’s life shows the lack of will or reasons to live and also the needlessness of suffering. So what is living? Living is the Absurd. Living is hopelessness. Living is keeping the absurd alive. To keep the absurd alive you only have to live the absurd. 'Life will be more fully lived in so far as it has no meaning.' is a quote from Camus that shows this. Camus shows that you can â€Å"hope† for the best without hope. â€Å"Hope† is not the same as hope. â€Å"Hope† is optimism. Freedom from hope is freedom to your soul. You can no longer hurt yourself by living. It is hard to believe that being hopeless leads to living but living is an imprisonment. We try to be the best we can be but does not life limit us?

War, by Luigi Pirandello and Denial

This is perfectly demonstrated In the short story ‘War†, by Lugging Primordial. In â€Å"War†, the character called the fat traveler or old man gives testament to the effects of denial. Upon analysis, it is revealed that he is a dynamic character; through Primordial's usage of characterization and his eventual transformation. Primordial's characterization of the fat traveler follows a linear process: a marked emergence, explanation of his beliefs, the other characters' reaction to him, and his transformation. The manner which he is Introduced sets the mood and tone for him, s he enters though loudly Interrupting a conversation with â€Å"Nonsense†.He Is described as â€Å"a fat, red-faced man with bloodshot eyes of the palest gray. He was panting†¦ Trying to cover his mouth with his hand so as to hide the two missing front teeth†. At this point, he carries a negative tone, with the mood thick in disrespect. Every detail about him carries a negati ve connotation, from being fat to toothless. This is not by accident, as he is displayed as a decrepit individual no person wants to become. This primes the reader to be skeptical of him, and what he stands for (War 08)_ This is directly followed by an explanation of his beliefs.It would seem that the fat traveler is zealous in his beliefs, as it is written that â€Å"From his bulging eyes seemed to spurt inner violence of an uncontrolled vitality which his weakened body could hardly contain†. This illustrates him as speaking with fervor, with him placing so much energy Into what he says that his body can hardly take it. This Image complements the manner which he responds to the other travelers statement of â€Å"Our children do not belong to us, they belong to the country'; through using a monologue: Bosh, Do we think of the country when we give life to our children?We belong to them but they never belong to us. And when they reach twenty they are exactly what we were at th eir age. We too had a father and mother, but there were so many other things as well and the Country, of course, whose call we would have answered-?when we were twenty-? even If father and mother had said no. Now, at our age, the love of our Country is still great, of course, but stronger than it is the love of our children. Isn't it natural that at their age they should consider the love for heir Country (l am speaking of decent boys, of course) even greater than the love for us?Isn't it natural that it should be so, as after all they must look upon us as upon old boys who cannot move any more and must sit at home? If Country is a natural necessity Like bread of which each of us must eat In order not to patriotism, that everyone has an innate, natural love for their country; and that the only thing the parents love more than country are their sons. This is reinforced by the tiny husband's explanation of his wife's behavior: that she is overtaken with grief cause their son, â€Å"a boy of twenty [years] to whom both [the husband and wife] had devoted their entire life†, is to be sent to the front-lines (Primordial 108).The fat man continues, stating that they, as parents of soldiers, should not be afraid for their boys because their sons are proud to fight and die for the country they love: â€Å"And our sons go, when they are twenty, and they don't want tears, because if they die, they die inflamed and happy (l am speaking, of course, of decent boys). Now, if one dies young and happy, without having the sides of life what more can we ask for him? Everyone should stop ugly crying; because my everyone should laugh, as I do†¦ r at least thank God-?as I do son, before dying, sent me a message saying that he was dying having ended his life in the best way he could have satisfied at wished. That is why, as you see, I do not even wear mourning†¦ † (109) The fat man's beliefs allude to the romantic ideal of war, an ideal that became savagely a ntiquated during World War l. In the war, millions of young men lost their lives in the name of nationalism, and the citizenry were left disillusioned to the mystic of war. The fat man perfectly personifies his, as he is an ugly, misshapen individual speaking of pride and grandeur.Also, up at this point he is only referred to as either the fat man or the fat traveler. The word â€Å"fat† connotes to him be â€Å"full of it†, or not telling the truth (full of it). This connotation is revealed through his body language after his monologue, as â€Å"his livid lip over his missing teeth was trembling, his eyes were watery and motionless, and soon after he ended with a shrill laugh which might well have been a sob† (109). It is used to relate to two things, that there is no glory in war and that he is lying about not wearing running about his son.In response to the fat man's speech, the other travelers state â€Å"Quite so†¦ Quite so†¦ † And nod in a greement. The fat man's words had a special effect on the portly woman. At this point in the story, the he is presented as the foil to her. She is introduced as being in â€Å"deep mourning† and keeping to herself; while the fat traveler is proud and abrupt. Upon hearing his speech, â€Å"She [realizes] that it [isn't] the others who [are] wrong but herself who could not rise up to the same height of those fathers and mothers willing to resign themselves, without crying, not only to the aperture of their sons but even to their death†.Her transformation of thought is short-lived, as she snaps out of it, â€Å"Just as if she had heard nothing of what had been said and almost as if waking up from a dream† and asks the old man, â€Å"Then†¦ Is your son really dead? † The old man turned to look at her, fixing his great, bulging, horribly watery light gray eyes, deep in her face. For some time he tried to answer, but words failed him. He looked and looked at her, almost as if only then at that silly, incongruous question-?he had suddenly realized at last that son was really dead-?gone forever-?forever.His face contracted, horribly distorted, then he snatched in haste a handkerchief from pocket and, to the amazement of everyone, broke into harrowing, heart- became time the fat traveler is called â€Å"old†. â€Å"Old† connotes to him being delicate and fragile. When directly confronted with the question of losing his son, he was forced to accept the grim truth that his son was gone; and this reality breaks him (109). In the context of the story, Primordial uses the old man to showcase the effects of denial.Right from the get-go he is described as ugly and malformed, with a desire to splay his beliefs aggressively. It appears he is trying to convince the other travelers to â€Å"stop crying† and be happy, but he is really trying to convince himself. Even though he says that he does not â€Å"even wear mourningâ₠¬ , his body begins to tremble at the mention of it. He can't even address his son's death directly, as he only mentions that his son sent him a message before dying. When the portly woman asks him if his son is really dead, he is forced to face the reality that â€Å"his son was really dead-?gone forever-?forever†.

The Western Military Trajectory During The Gunpowder And...

The Western military trajectory finds many of the impetuses for a military revolution stemming from non-Western stimuli. Innovations such as the composite bow (introduced by the Hyksos), cavalry (accredited to Assyria and Persia), the stirrup (attributed to China), gunpowder (China), crossbow (China), and cannons (China) have been attributed to non-Western regions; however, it is the Western militaries that exploited these innovations to their full deadly potential and in the process created military revolutions. This paper will discuss how some of these exploitations affected the Western military trajectory during the Gunpowder and First Industrial Revolutions, most often leaving the non-Western militaries lagging behind. It will also†¦show more content†¦The French invasion of Italy was not only an early part of the Gunpowder Revolution and the beginning of the modern age of warfare, but it was one of the first attempts at building nation-states. At the time, Italy was divided into several city-states, sovereign regions formed by a city and its surrounding territories. Due to the small size of many city-states, their defense was turned over to mercenary captains, condottieri. The paid men who formed compagnie (companies) under the condottieri were most often foreigners who lacked loyalty to their paymasters. On the other hand, as France expanded and took over city-states such as Armagnac, Burgundy, Provence, Anjou, and Brittany, they would become a part the French nation and its military. As such, King Charles VIII became the leader of the most powerful state in Europe by advancing the nation-state instead of city-states. Nearly one and a half centuries later, Swedish King Gustavus II Adolphus would further advance the French artillery techniques and make modern modifications to the formation and maneuver of his troops during the Battle of Breitenfeld in 1631 against Count Johann Tilly, an Imperial commander. Tilly formed his forces in seve nteen tercios, large formation of pikemen and musketeers fifty men abreast and thirty men deep. This formation was deadly for everything in its forward path, but it didShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution And Latin America1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution Latin America in The Nineteenth Century ââ€"  Only Japan underwent a major industrial transformation during the Nineteenth Century. ââ€"  India, Egypt, Ottoman Empire, China and Latin America experimented in modern industry. ââ€"  They were nowhere near the kind of major social transformation that had taken place in Britain, Europe, North America and Japan. ââ€"  The profound impact of European and North American industrialization was hard to avoid. After Independence in Latin America

Division of Fractions with Mixed Number Workheets

The Health Care System Is Designed, And How It Functions

All of my courses have enhanced my understanding of how the US health care system is designed, and how it functions. I have gotten a clearer glimpse into how it is supposed to work, in theory, though I am aware of some the pitfalls of the system, in practice. But I would say my coursework in HCA 6200 (US Heatlh Care System), HCA 6275 (Evolution of Managed Care) have enhanced my awareness of the social, economic, political factors affecting the practice of healthcare professionals. They have affected my understanding of how these factors influence the design of the system in which healthcare professionals work, and the daily context in which their profession has a function. ================================ Very briefly, I would say†¦show more content†¦I began to view the networked-structure of different institutions which together comprised the structure of the US healthcare system. ================================ But all in all I would say that my coursework has taught me that the US health care system is a complex and multifaceted network. Thus a knowledge of how the healthcare system is designed or how it functions can never be too specific—nor too broad; as one’s work as a healthcare provider, in any capacity, requires they know and operate according to more than just the technical demands of their profession. There are likewise numerous external forces which limit the design of healthcare, as well as its function; those forces being classified as political, social, and economic. ================================ The way by which a healthcare system organizes itself to adapt to these external/circumstancial forces upon affects more than an organizations ability to give people access to quality care; but its ability to survive the continuously changing terrain of social, political, and economic conditions in which it operates. And thus, in terms of managing and leadership, the manager/leader of a healthcare organization that needs to surivive these external forces needs to be able to consider the social, political, and economic conditions whih influence the design and function of their

How The Other Half Lives Essay Paper Segregation Example For Students

How The Other Half Lives Essay Paper Segregation Unlike the majority of immigrants of his time, Jacob Riis assimilated easily into Americas melting pot. A Dutch born police reporter and amateur photographer, Riis dove into the impoverished streets of Americas most populated city and proved to the upper classes that horror does exist next door. In his early days of church exhibitions and in the writing of his novel, How the Other Half Lives, originally published on 15 November 1890, Riis depicted the color lines, tenements, stereotypes, careers, and lifestyles of Americas newest and poorest citizens. In the book, he discusses the despair and filth that he discovers in the ghettos and those people that remain there, and those that are striving to find a way out. How the Other Half Lives is an awe inspiring documentation of the trials that immigrants and factory workers were subject to during the turn of the century. The seamy side of tenement life in New York is presented in the most graphic way (San Francisco Chronicle, 7). Jacob Riis, the Danish born journalist and photographer, was among the most dedicated advocates for Americas oppressed, exploited, and downtrodden. How the Other Half Lives documented, through word and image, the lives of those who lived in New Yorks slums in a brutal, uncensored fashion. Among those moved by Riiss reportage was Theodore Roosevelt, then New York police commissioner. Alerted to the inhumane conditions endured by many of New Yorks inhabitants, Theodore Roosevelt accompanied Riis on his rounds of tenement houses and back alleys. By 1900, Riiss mission began to yield results with the help of Roosevelt: city water was purified, incidences of yellow fever, smallpox, and cholera were declining, and efforts to establish child labor laws were underway. After many reforms in New York and nationwide, multiple published works, assistance to Theodore Roosevelts campaigns, Riis died of heart failure on May 26, 1914. How the Other Half Lives remains to be his best selling and most popular novel. As iron and steel entered Americas marketplace, industry conquered the country. The latter years of the nineteenth century were laden with smog accounted for by the many east coast factories. Inhabitants of those factories were the migrant workers; the immigrants forced out of their own distraught countries looking for the American dream. In accompaniment to the rush of industry and finance into the American economy were the Italians, the Bohemians, the Irish, the Polish, the Jewish, the Chinese, and all other races seeking prosperity into its cities. Droves filled into Ellis Island seeking citizenship. From there, they filtered throughout New York, finding work in the factories, and homes near those factories. Larger families moved as one to the city, and because of this trend, various parts of the city became divided into race origin. These separated neighborhoods became the ghettos. As tenement housing was introduced, those ghettos became embellished with tenement housing. Real estate agents, and those who suddenly discovered the profession, realized the intense need for housing in New York City. Initially, immigrants were moving several families into the abandoned middle income homes and duplexes that were available in the vicinity of the factories. It was imperative that housing was located near the place of work, as the immigrants could not afford transportation from the outer limits of the city, and jobs were not stable. The newcomers frequently shifted from job to job and were dependent upon a home locale convenient to the area factories. As the homes around the employment became overfilled, the investors discovered an opportunity for supply and demand. .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7 , .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7 .postImageUrl , .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7 , .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7:hover , .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7:visited , .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7:active { border:0!important; } .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7:active , .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7 .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua301040f102c84506dd4e7b1eac4e7f7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Multicultural Education: Piecing Together the Puzz EssayThe land that was destined to be the immigrants skyrocketed in value, as it had become the most desired land for migrant workers. In addition, the over population required more lodging. Tenement housing, to accommodate the constant trend of immigrants, was invented and provided. The homes that had previously been adopted by multiple families had now been divided into apartments where more families could be situated. More tenements, as well, were built in between existing structures. As the shift continued from Europe to the United States, more housing was packed and the land value and rent rates soared. Attempting to curb the extreme cost of living, occupants again moved more people into their space to divide the rent. The standard of living was nonexistent. Homes has ceased to be sufficiently separate, decent, and desirable to afford(Riis, 60). Cholera, smallpox, typhus fever, and measles all prowled through homes. The epidemics created more death and disruption in some groups, and less in others. The Jews, for instance, had lived in inner cities in Europe in similar conditions. Their immune systems were adept to dealing with many of the plagues that swept through the ghettos of New York, while the Irish and Italian immigrants had lived in rural territories, inept in dealing with disease. Other differences were prevalent in the separated ghettos, as well. Every section of people had their individual characteristics that made them distinct from one another. Riis depicts each of the groups, discussing the stereotypes and explaining his defense. The Irish tended to reside in the West Side tenement districts and hold such jobs as bricklayers and land lords. The once unwelcome Irishman has been followed in his turn by the Italian, the Russian Jew(Riis, 73). The Irish were now out to be the insiders and, therefore, gained control of the one evil that every immigrant struggled with: tenement rent. They tended to be the beggars, the cave dwellers that existed in the basement or on the roof. Above all other groups that inhabited the city, the tenement, especially its lowest type, appears to possess a peculiar affinity for the worse nature of the Celt(Riis, 224). Italians, however, were more mundane with their pursuit for financial prosperity. Their interest in the United States was to make money fairly, his intention was only to work. They tended to be violent. Rivalries were created with neighboring Jews and Irishmen. He also was recognized as the gambler. Construction and sanitary positions were most likened to the Italian because of the intense farming background that most were accustomed to in Italy. Little Italy was formed in response to the tight Italian ties to expanded family members in Harlem and expanded along Mulberry Street. The Italian assimilation was delayed, they are dumb and learn slowly if at all(Riis, 37). The effect may have been, as well, that the desire of the Italian was to make money as quickly as possible, and in many cases, return home to Italy with the finances. In contrast, the distinction of the Jew from the Italian was that they were cheap, money is their God(Riis, 37). Jews tended to hold business in the populated market place, in order to obtain their deity. They were hard workers and most often found work by tailoring, cigar making, or laboring in a sweat shop. The Bend was the home to the Jews, considered to be the core of New Yorks slums. Here they existed, from the entrepreneur to the rag picker, and here they did their trading. It is not much more than twenty years since a census of the Bend returned only twenty-four of the six hundred and nine tenements as in decent condition(Riis, 96). By all means, though, the Jews were the most unique and diligent in the collection of money than the opposing racial segregates. .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af , .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af .postImageUrl , .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af , .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af:hover , .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af:visited , .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af:active { border:0!important; } .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af:active , .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua31b7db1003bf00b0c37d702cfde87af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Free on Homer's Odyssey: Odyssey as Epic Poe EssayIn all sectors of New York City, though, these foreign families sought shelter and forged through famine, sickness, poverty, and unemployment. They all became unified in their struggle of survival and bounty and the American dream. Though the conditions were rancid, the first generation immigrants endured the entirety for the hope that one day their children would have better lives than those available to them in Europe. The penalty exacted for the sins of our fathers that shall be visited upon the children, unto the third and fourth generation. We shall indeed be well off, if it stop there(Riis, 254). Bibliography: