Assisted Reproductive Techniques Essay Research Paper InVitro free essay sample

Assisted Generative Techniques Essay, Research Paper In-Vitro Fertilization or IVF IVF is the name for in-vitro fertilisation, a process that involves recovering eggs and sperm from the organic structures of the male and female spouses and puting them together in a laboratory dish for fertilisation. The fertilized eggs are so transferred two to six yearss subsequently into the female spouse # 8217 ; s womb. After the fertilized eggs are set into the uterus embryo development will hopefully happen as in a normal gestation. IVF is really a four phase pattern that begins with ovarian stimulation and monitoring. In order to maximise the patient # 8217 ; s opportunities for successful fertilisation, doctors typically use ovarian stimulation medicines alternatively of following the natural rhythm which merely produces one egg. Ovarian stimulation causes several mature eggs to be produced for retrieval, fertilisation, and reassign to increase the possibility that at least one will ensue in gestation. ( See Figure 1 ) Ovarian stimulation involves the usage of follicle exciting endocrine ( FSH ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Assisted Reproductive Techniques Essay Research Paper InVitro or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This endocrine is necessary to excite multiple oocyte, or egg, development. FSH is a gonadotrophin, the name for a type of endocrine capable of exciting the ovaries to bring forth eggs. The female spouse is normally stimulated to bring forth eggs by the usage of HMG/ HCG. Careful physician monitoring is necessary to set doses to forestall hyper stimulation and supervise the injections site for possible infection. The physician carefully monitors the patient with vaginal or abdominal ultrasound and blood trials. The ultrasound scans provide an existent image of the ovaries and assistance in supervising follicle growing get downing about twenty-four hours eight of the rhythm. The doctor is supervising the growing, figure, size of each follicle, and any marks of trouble that require changes in intervention. Monitoring besides determines the timing of the following measure ; egg retrieval. In the 2nd measure, one time the follicle has ruptured, the doctor attempts to take as many eggs as possible. Not all of the eggs retrieved will be used in the current IVF rhythm. Unhealthy eggs and any eggs that fail to fertilise are non used. The two methods used to recover eggs are laparoscopy and ultrasound- guided aspiration. In laparoscopy, a surgical process necessitating general anaesthesia, the physician uses a surgical instrument called the laparoscope inserted into the ovaries. The laparoscope contains an aspiration system that uses light suction to recover the egg from the follicle. The consequence of each effort to recover the egg from the follicle is instantly examined under a powerful microscope. If the egg was non retrieved, all right accommodations are made for following efforts until all the mature follicles have been retrieved. Ultrasound-guided aspiration is besides performed under general anaesthesia. The ultrasound image allows more accurate aspiration efforts because the doctor can steer the needle into each follicle in order to retreat the egg. After retrieving the eggs, they are transferred to a unfertile container to expect fertilisation in the research lab. In the 3rd measure of In-Vitro Fertilization, a semen sample is collected from the male spouse about two hours before the female spouse # 8217 ; s eggs are retrieved. These sperm are so processed, called sperm lavation, utilizing assorted research lab techniques. Sperm processing helps choice of the strongest, healthiest, and most active sperm in the seeds sample. The mature, healthy eggs are so placed together in the research lab with the selected sperm. They are incubated at a temperature indistinguishable to that of the female spouse # 8217 ; s organic structure. After about 48 hours, the eggs that have successfully fertilized and are turning usually, are called embryos. The embryos are so ready for the following measure which transfers them into the uterus. ( See Figure 2 ) Finally, embryo transportation occurs, which is done without anesthesia. The embryos are placed in a catheter, which is a cannular instrument used to transport the embryos from the research lab container to the uterus. The physician inserts the catheter through the female spouse # 8217 ; s vagina and neck, in order to infix the embryos straight into the uterus. Normal nidation and ripening of the embryo is hoped to happen in order to gestate the kid. Thingss must follow their natural class after this, and the procedure of in-vitro fertilisation is finished. IVF was originally developed in the early 1970 # 8217 ; s to handle sterility caused by out of use or damaged fallopian tubings. In 1978, the first IVF babe, Louise Brown, was born in the U.S. Since so, the figure of IVF processs performed each twelvemonth have increased and the success rate has improved significantly. Because IVF was the first Assisted Reproductive Technology process developed and widely publicized in the U.S. , many people erroneously think that IVF is the lone intervention option for sterile twosomes. In fact, less than 3 % of all patients who seek medical intervention really receive in-vitro fertilisation as a intervention option. Most sterile twosomes who seek rating and intervention respond positively to the less involved intervention options ; such as hormonal therapies and unreal insemination. Despite this, IVF remains the most normally used of the ART processs. Artificial Insemination or AI Artificial insemination, AI, is frequently the best pick of intervention for twosomes that are sterile due to sperm upsets. AI involves shooting sperm through a narrow catheter into the married woman # 8217 ; s generative piece of land. For most twosomes, unreal insemination is performed with the hubby # 8217 ; s sperm. When a adult male # 8217 ; s semen contains few or no unrecorded sperm, the twosome may make up ones mind to undergo AI with sperm from a giver with the features they desire. Depending on the hubby # 8217 ; s effectual sperm count, the married woman # 8217 ; s cervical mucous secretion quality at the fertile clip of her rhythm and estimated clip to egg release from the ovarian follicle, the type of AI is selected. The type, intracervical, intrauterine, intrafollicular, or intratubal, are named for the location of insemination Intrauterine insemination, IUI, is a type of unreal insemination process in which the sperm are placed in the uterine pit through a transcervical catheter. With appropriate research lab techniques, the sperm can be separated from the seminal fluid and placed in a really little volume of unfertile medium which will maintain the sperm alive and actively nomadic. IUI may be indicated for the intervention of low sperm count and/or absence of fertile mucous secretion. The principle for the usage of IUI for the intervention of oligospermia ( low sperm count ) is based upon the cognition that merely approximately 1 % of the entire Numberss of sperm deposited into the vagina at interjection will happen their manner into the upper female venereal piece of land. IUI places the healthiest sperm into the female venereal piece of land to increase the chance of fertilisation. The usage of IUI besides does non halt the twosome from holding sexual intercourse nor from utilizing other types of insemination. IUI is performed by go throughing a unfertile catheter through the cervical canal into the uterine pit and so shooting the sperm suspensio n into the uterine pit. This is a simple process which can be performed either by a birthrate nurse or doctor. Normally the insemination itself causes little if any uncomfortableness. Following the insemination process the adult female remains lying down with her hips elevated for 45 proceedingss. After this it is hoped that the sperm reached the egg of course and gestation will happen from it. Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer or GIFT Gamete intrafallopian transportation, or GIFT, was developed in 1984 as a fluctuation of in-vitro fertilisation. This process is most frequently recommended for twosomes with unexplained sterility with the female spouse holding at least one unfastened fallopian tubing. GIFT is besides recommended for patient # 8217 ; s whose sterility is due to cervical or immunological factors, mild adenomyosis, or selected instances of male sterility. The chief difference between IVF and GIFT is that GIFT fertilisation occurs of course within the female spouse # 8217 ; s organic structure alternatively of in the research lab. GIFT is a process that involves ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, and puting a mixture of the sperm and eggs straight into the adult female # 8217 ; s fallopian tubings to further fertilisation inside the female # 8217 ; s organic structure. This process has three stairss to it. The first measure of GIFT is precisely the same as in IVF. In order to maximise the chance of success, the physician prescribes birthrate medicines to excite the female to bring forth more than one follicle and egg, and to help in exciting the follicles to let go of the eggs. Follicle exciting endocrine medicines are used to excite the growing and adulthood of follicles and eggs. Then HCG is given to excite the release of the eggs from the follicles and find the clip of egg retrieval. The 2nd measure besides mirrors the procedure in IVF. The eggs are examined under a microscope to measure adulthood before they are combined with sperm. The male seeds sample has been collected, evaluated, and sperm processing performed prior to the following measure. Finally, one time the doctor has determined the eggs are ready for transportation, the selected sperm and eggs are placed together in a catheter, where they unite. These sperm and eggs are called gametes. Using a laparoscope, the doctor begins the surgical process to infix the catheter straight into the fallopian tubing. The sperm and egg are so injected into the fallopian tubing, where fertilisation occurs within the organic structure. Unlike IVF, in which existent fertilisation is observed and confirmed in the research lab, GIFT does non let ocular verification of fertilisation. If fertilisation occurs, the developing embryos remain in the fallopian tubing and so travel to the womb for the natural nidation procedure to be completed. Like all other types of aided generative techniques, one time the egg and sperm are in the female spouses uterus, all that is left to make is wait and trust for a kid to be conceived. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer or ZIFT Zygote intrafallopian transportation, or ZIFT, is another fluctuation of in vitro fertilisation. In this aided reproductive technique the name fertilized ovum is given to the fertilized eggs. Like IVF, the existent fertilisation of the eggs is ascertained and confirmed in the research lab. The location of where fertilisation takes topographic point, and the ability to corroborate existent fertilisation, are the chief differences between ZIFT and gamete intrafallopian transportation. With GIFT, the existent fertilisation can non be observed because the eggs and sperm are united for fertilisation inside the adult female # 8217 ; s fallopian tubing. The advantage of ZIFT over GIFT is that ZIFT uses fertilized ovums, non an egg and sperm mixture. The stairss in ZIFT are the same as in IVF, except the location of where the embryos are placed alterations. With IVF embryos are placed straight in the womb. With ZIFT, the fertilized ovums are placed straight into the fallopian tubing. For ZIFT to be offered as a intervention option, the female must hold at least one unfastened and working fallopian tubing. ZIFT involves ovarian stimulation, monitoring, and egg retrieval, followed by sperm processing and fertilisation in the research lab and so transportation of the fertilized ovums, or embryos, into the female spouse # 8217 ; s fallopian tubing. After this, construct is hoped for. Oocyte Donation For adult females who experience failure of their ovarian map and adult females over age 40 with hapless quality oocyte, or eggs ( See Figure 3 ) , the usage of donated eggs from another, sometimes younger ( See Figure 4 ) , female may be the best option to accomplish construct. Use of giver eggs is an IVF process affecting retrieval of the giver # 8217 ; s eggs, fertilisation with the male spouse # 8217 ; s sperm, and reassign to the female spouse # 8217 ; s womb. Oocyte contribution is used when the female spouse has a familial upset than can be transmitted to the babe. Womans with inborn abnormalcies, adult females who have antecedently been treated with radiation or chemotherapy for malignant neoplastic disease, adult females who have repeatedly failed with anterior IVF efforts, and adult females with recurrent abortions, may besides see this option. One job with this technique is happening a suited giver. Embryo and Oocyte Cryopreservation Cryopreservation is a procedure of stop deading embryos to continue them over clip. Frozen embryos have been successfully thawed and used in ulterior rhythms that resulted in gestation. About two tierces of embryos will last the procedure of freeze and melt. An added benefit is the lower cost due to non holding to reiterate the ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, and fertilisation processs with the subsequent rhythm. These eggs, after being thawed, are placed into the females uterus in the same mode as is in in-vitro fertilisation. Decision Assisted Generative Techniques are rather helpful to people who wish to hold a kid but can non gestate in the natural manner. A adult male and adult female, for illustration, who wish to be parents but can non due to the adult female # 8217 ; s fallopian tubing jobs. With the aid of in-vitro fertilisation the twosomes dream of holding a kid might come true. Another illustration of the aid these techniques can give could affect a individual adult female who wishes to be a female parent. With unreal insemination the adult female can go the female parent she so wishes to be. These techniques are some of the most of import scientific finds to the 20th century due to the felicity that they can convey. Khamsi, F. 1995 Infertility Reference Notes for General Practitioners. Toronto Fertility Sterility Institute, Toronto, Ont. Kunz, Jeffrey R.M. The American Medical Association Family Medical Guide. Random House, New York. Loebl, Suzanne 1992 Mother # 8217 ; s Encyclopedia A ; Everyday Guide to Family Health. The Bryant Press Limited. Canada. Paulson, Richard J. 1994 In Vitro Fertilization and Other Assisted Reproductive Techniques. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, Inc. , Los Angeles, CA. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.texashealth.org/arts/arts1.htm # 8220 ; ARTS Services and Procedures # 8221 ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.centerforhumanreprod.com/map.html # 8220 ; CHR National Home Page # 8221 ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ivf.com/sample2.html # 8220 ; Fertility Conference Abstracts # 8221 ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.babyzone.com/infertility/costs.htm # 8220 ; The Causes of Infertility # 8221 ;

GCSE Geography Coursework Help

GCSE Geography Coursework Help GCSE Geography Coursework Help Practically, the whole geography coursework writingis based on argumentation. Arguments which we put for or against coursework thesis statement partly depend for their credibility on the value or significance of the evidence you integrate. To know how significant evidence is, you need a very thorough grasp of the context in which it is presented. Geography coursework writing starts with examination of the topic; this is why you should take so much trouble to establish a context for your coursework at the beginning of writing process. There are, however, two ways in which you should establish the context. One is obviously within a coursework paragraph: the meaning of words should be clear; the coursework paragraph must contain related ideas and it becomes the context for your main points. The other is the context of your primary or secondary sources used for college coursework writing. A simple example is if we cited the work of a researcher (we will call her Wilkinson) and referenced it as follows: (Wilkinson 1989). If we refer to Wilkinson, we are also referring to the context in which her work took place. In other words, we bring a whole package of questionable issues about reliability, relevance and validity of evidence with each reference we use in the process of writing a coursework: Coursework Writing Help Clearly, we cannot question everything forever, but coursework arguments nevertheless depend on the relevance and significance of their supporting evidence. It is determined with the help of asking questions about the reliability of the original coursework context as well as with the analysis of the context appropriateness in which we decide to use the gathered evidence. Did Wilkinson use a valid research method? Were there questionnaires mentioned? If so, what percentage was returned? What were the biases in the questions asked or answers given? Most importantly, does Wilkinson's work really support or deny the point you are trying to make? Who else has produced evidence which conflicts with Wilkinson's research or arguments? Coursework Help offers you an opportunity to order professional GCSE geography coursework help.We are educated and possess years of coursework writing experience. We are never late with delivery and we can help you with writing on any topic. You will not regret using our coursework writing help because you will receive custom written coursework of the highest academic quality. Moreover, we will never deceive you! If you are not satisfied with the final draft of your geography coursework, you may request free and unlimited revisions. Read also: Womens Rights Essay Saving Private Ryan Essay Master Essay Lord of the Flies Essay Literary Essay Hamlet

Toyota - Global Environment Forum Research Paper

Toyota - Global Environment Forum - Research Paper Example This is supported by its accountable financial practices, transparent government and open policies. Australia has a legal system that consists of both common laws and statutes. Equality before the law is highly upheld as both domestic and foreigner business stand the same chances before the law. The countries property protection enjoys a higher ranking as it comes in second in Asia. Another advantage it has is in its time zone. It lies 10 hours ahead of GMT. It stands right in the middle of business closing hour in America and opening hour in Europe. This time zone advantage simply allows for a flow of business though out nonstop (Sydney Australia/ New South Wales Government 2012). The tax system in Australia is favourable as business income tax is at 30%. This comes with no capital flow restrictions, capital repatriation, transfers or royalties profit remittances, and other trade-related payments. Major business cities such as Sydney do offer business costs that are competitive. Thi s provision is lower than what is provided in other cities around the world such as Seoul, Tokyo, Hong Kong, London, Paris and Singapore (Sydney Australia/ New South Wales Government 2012). There also exists government subsidies for regional business, subsidies such as reduced power bill, reformed railway freights, reduced port charges, and a streamlined land use planning process and approvals. The major cities also have transport and communication systems that are world class. These are supplemented by support services for business and superior commercial property at affordable prices as compared to other regional cities (Sydney Australia/ New South Wales Government 2012). Australia has a state-of-the-art telecommunication system that consists of fibre optic, microwave, wireless and satellite systems, with fibre optic being the dominant technology. Other favourable factors include multilingual and well educated

International financial markets IP 1 Assignment

International financial markets IP 1 - Assignment Example This paper is an attempt to look into the differences that exist in two countries where Acme Corporation is considering establishing a Greenfield investment. These two countries are the United Kingdom and Nigeria. Well, it must be remembered that these two countries are totally different in several aspects that can really affect the decision of the corporation to venture into their markets. The UK is a member of the European Commission and is generally a developed economy with good and well managed sectors. On the other hand, Nigeria is one of the largest economies in Africa with a very large consumer population that drives economic growth. Trade and economic policies The UK prractices an open economy where trade liberalization and competition for free trade is highly cherished and encouraged. Any business is able to trade freely and invest competitively without any unnecessary restrictions from the government. One of the greatest concerns of the government here is to maximize the op portunities that exist for international trade in order to economically benefit the country. Well, this is after the recognition that trade enables countries to specialize in activities that enable them to fully explore and exploit their resources and strengths. This open economy system has enabled the UK to experience high economic growth rates over the years especially in the post-war era. The policy has also strengthened the UK’s consumer markert as corporations and businesses strive to stay competitive amid the challenges and realities of this age (Smith, 2010). Over the years the UK has been known as a haven of very favorable trade policies that enabled many of its firms go multinational. Even though this attribute has slightly been lost over the years courtesy of very high interest rates and the global financial meltdown, the government through the Bank of England has incessantly been trying to bring down the interest rates and increase the money supply in the banking s ystem with a view of restoring economic stability. Nevertheless it must be remembered that the trade policies in the UK are generally investor friendly and may not be much different from the US case. Nigeria is a developing economy grappling with the economic challenges that affect most countries in this category. However, it is a booming economy driven by its productive oil sector coupled with a very high population that creates a lot of demand for consumer goods and services. Even though the federal government of Nigeria recognizes the benefits of trade liberalization and the need to open up the market for international competition, challenges have always been realized. Like in any other developing country, the infant industries have to be protected from the stiff competition posed by foreign corporations. There also exists the common assumption that free trade can only exist under an ideal economic system which is always impossibility. Nigerian trade policies are driven under the auspices of the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) that seeks to restore the economy of the country after several decades of economic instability that bedeviled the country (Olaloku, 2007). As such, the government has been trying to encourage capital inflows into the country through foreign direct investments. This is in a bid to reduce the country’s dependence on the oil sector by creating other sources of revenue. However, the federal gover

Performance Management in a Human Resources Framework Essay Example for Free

Performance Management in a Human Resources Framework Essay Performance Management in a Human Resources Framework Introduction The purpose of this assignment to is to consider Performance Management in a Human Resources Framework. Firstly, the assignment will look at the concept of ‘Human Resources Management’ as a holistic strategic approach to managing the relationship between employer and employee that goes beyond the bounds of mere ‘Personnel Management’. Secondly, in light of the statement from Cooke and Armstrong (1990, cited in Rudman, 2002) that â€Å"Human resources strategies exist to ensure that the culture, values and structure of the organisation and the quality, motivation and commitment of its members contribute fully to the achievement of its objectives† (p. 7), I will examine the extent to which my school’s performance appraisal and professional development policy and practice fit into a human resources framework. Lastly, these examples will be used to identify some of the potential and pitfalls of performance appraisal and professional development for an educational organisation. Human Resources Management – a holistic approach Human resource management (HRM) can be viewed as a holistic approach to managing the relationships in an organisation between the employer and employee. Rudman’s (2002) definition of HRM implies this holistic approach, in that HRM â€Å"covers all the concepts, strategies, policies and practices which organisations use to manage and develop the people who work for them† (p. 3). Several authors (Macky Johnson 2000; McGraw, 1997; Rudman, 2002; Smith, 1998) acknowledge that HRM is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organisations most valued assets the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the organisation. The terms ‘human resource management’ (HRM), ‘human resources’ (HR) and even ‘strategic human resource management’ (SHRM) have largely replaced the term personnel management as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organisations during the decades of the 1980s and 1990s (McGraw, 1997; Rudman, 2002). â€Å"People have been making personnel decisions since the earliest of times† (Rudman, 2002, p. 2), however, from a historical perspective, the modern form of personnel management was founded from the time of the industrial revolution on two main beliefs: 1) the employer’s concern for the welfare of its workers, and 2) the organisation’s need for control (Rudman, 2002). Over the last century personnel management evolved through the changing responses between these two beliefs and altered because of influences through scientific management, the industrial welfare and human relations movements, the developm ent of trade unions and collective bargaining, and the growth of employment-related legislation (Rudman, 2002). Today, personnel management is associated with the functional aspects of people in organisations, whereas HRM is associated with the strategic aspects of people in organisations (Rudman, 2002). In practice the distinction between Personnel and Human Resource Management is often blurred because organisations need both function and strategic direction for managing and developing people (McGraw, 1997). Personnel management (PM) is therefore often used to describe the work related with administering policies and procedures for staff appointments, salaries, training and other employer/employee interactions.

Absurdity: An Essay On The Stranger :: essays research papers

An Essay on†¦ The Stranger; The Absurd "One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all And in the Darkness bind them" (Lord of the Rings Volume II, The Council of Elrond) Within the Stranger, Albert Camus brought up many questions and a few answers. He created an outsider to society and showed us how he lived, Meursault. Meursault was always indifferent. Meursault accepted death. Why? Meursault saw the purpose of life meaningless. That is â€Å"Absurdity†! Absurdity, how does that word sound? Pretty bad, eh? Absurdity when used like â€Å"that’s absurd!† gives the feeling of negative judgment and a sense of finality. The idea of the Absurd seems to attach itself with meaningless, pointless and other such words that express a destination but without the means to get there and vice versa means but no destination. So from there I inferred that Camus does not believe in God nor any high law or universal law that are associated with a divinity, which is a path in life (either the means or the destination). So what is Absurd? The Absurd is living, a quest to find the meaning of anything within a reality with no purpose. Reality has no purpose because there is no high law, a universal law nor a God. Therefore this reality must be randomness. I believe that Camus wants us to see thi s and begin questioning our existence. So he wants he wants us to see the Absurdity and to cope with the Absurdity. If there is no point to living why do we continue to live? If this reality is absurd why don’t we recognize that and commit suicide? Taking one’s life shows the lack of will or reasons to live and also the needlessness of suffering. So what is living? Living is the Absurd. Living is hopelessness. Living is keeping the absurd alive. To keep the absurd alive you only have to live the absurd. 'Life will be more fully lived in so far as it has no meaning.' is a quote from Camus that shows this. Camus shows that you can â€Å"hope† for the best without hope. â€Å"Hope† is not the same as hope. â€Å"Hope† is optimism. Freedom from hope is freedom to your soul. You can no longer hurt yourself by living. It is hard to believe that being hopeless leads to living but living is an imprisonment. We try to be the best we can be but does not life limit us?

War, by Luigi Pirandello and Denial

This is perfectly demonstrated In the short story ‘War†, by Lugging Primordial. In â€Å"War†, the character called the fat traveler or old man gives testament to the effects of denial. Upon analysis, it is revealed that he is a dynamic character; through Primordial's usage of characterization and his eventual transformation. Primordial's characterization of the fat traveler follows a linear process: a marked emergence, explanation of his beliefs, the other characters' reaction to him, and his transformation. The manner which he is Introduced sets the mood and tone for him, s he enters though loudly Interrupting a conversation with â€Å"Nonsense†.He Is described as â€Å"a fat, red-faced man with bloodshot eyes of the palest gray. He was panting†¦ Trying to cover his mouth with his hand so as to hide the two missing front teeth†. At this point, he carries a negative tone, with the mood thick in disrespect. Every detail about him carries a negati ve connotation, from being fat to toothless. This is not by accident, as he is displayed as a decrepit individual no person wants to become. This primes the reader to be skeptical of him, and what he stands for (War 08)_ This is directly followed by an explanation of his beliefs.It would seem that the fat traveler is zealous in his beliefs, as it is written that â€Å"From his bulging eyes seemed to spurt inner violence of an uncontrolled vitality which his weakened body could hardly contain†. This illustrates him as speaking with fervor, with him placing so much energy Into what he says that his body can hardly take it. This Image complements the manner which he responds to the other travelers statement of â€Å"Our children do not belong to us, they belong to the country'; through using a monologue: Bosh, Do we think of the country when we give life to our children?We belong to them but they never belong to us. And when they reach twenty they are exactly what we were at th eir age. We too had a father and mother, but there were so many other things as well and the Country, of course, whose call we would have answered-?when we were twenty-? even If father and mother had said no. Now, at our age, the love of our Country is still great, of course, but stronger than it is the love of our children. Isn't it natural that at their age they should consider the love for heir Country (l am speaking of decent boys, of course) even greater than the love for us?Isn't it natural that it should be so, as after all they must look upon us as upon old boys who cannot move any more and must sit at home? If Country is a natural necessity Like bread of which each of us must eat In order not to patriotism, that everyone has an innate, natural love for their country; and that the only thing the parents love more than country are their sons. This is reinforced by the tiny husband's explanation of his wife's behavior: that she is overtaken with grief cause their son, â€Å"a boy of twenty [years] to whom both [the husband and wife] had devoted their entire life†, is to be sent to the front-lines (Primordial 108).The fat man continues, stating that they, as parents of soldiers, should not be afraid for their boys because their sons are proud to fight and die for the country they love: â€Å"And our sons go, when they are twenty, and they don't want tears, because if they die, they die inflamed and happy (l am speaking, of course, of decent boys). Now, if one dies young and happy, without having the sides of life what more can we ask for him? Everyone should stop ugly crying; because my everyone should laugh, as I do†¦ r at least thank God-?as I do son, before dying, sent me a message saying that he was dying having ended his life in the best way he could have satisfied at wished. That is why, as you see, I do not even wear mourning†¦ † (109) The fat man's beliefs allude to the romantic ideal of war, an ideal that became savagely a ntiquated during World War l. In the war, millions of young men lost their lives in the name of nationalism, and the citizenry were left disillusioned to the mystic of war. The fat man perfectly personifies his, as he is an ugly, misshapen individual speaking of pride and grandeur.Also, up at this point he is only referred to as either the fat man or the fat traveler. The word â€Å"fat† connotes to him be â€Å"full of it†, or not telling the truth (full of it). This connotation is revealed through his body language after his monologue, as â€Å"his livid lip over his missing teeth was trembling, his eyes were watery and motionless, and soon after he ended with a shrill laugh which might well have been a sob† (109). It is used to relate to two things, that there is no glory in war and that he is lying about not wearing running about his son.In response to the fat man's speech, the other travelers state â€Å"Quite so†¦ Quite so†¦ † And nod in a greement. The fat man's words had a special effect on the portly woman. At this point in the story, the he is presented as the foil to her. She is introduced as being in â€Å"deep mourning† and keeping to herself; while the fat traveler is proud and abrupt. Upon hearing his speech, â€Å"She [realizes] that it [isn't] the others who [are] wrong but herself who could not rise up to the same height of those fathers and mothers willing to resign themselves, without crying, not only to the aperture of their sons but even to their death†.Her transformation of thought is short-lived, as she snaps out of it, â€Å"Just as if she had heard nothing of what had been said and almost as if waking up from a dream† and asks the old man, â€Å"Then†¦ Is your son really dead? † The old man turned to look at her, fixing his great, bulging, horribly watery light gray eyes, deep in her face. For some time he tried to answer, but words failed him. He looked and looked at her, almost as if only then at that silly, incongruous question-?he had suddenly realized at last that son was really dead-?gone forever-?forever.His face contracted, horribly distorted, then he snatched in haste a handkerchief from pocket and, to the amazement of everyone, broke into harrowing, heart- became time the fat traveler is called â€Å"old†. â€Å"Old† connotes to him being delicate and fragile. When directly confronted with the question of losing his son, he was forced to accept the grim truth that his son was gone; and this reality breaks him (109). In the context of the story, Primordial uses the old man to showcase the effects of denial.Right from the get-go he is described as ugly and malformed, with a desire to splay his beliefs aggressively. It appears he is trying to convince the other travelers to â€Å"stop crying† and be happy, but he is really trying to convince himself. Even though he says that he does not â€Å"even wear mourningâ₠¬ , his body begins to tremble at the mention of it. He can't even address his son's death directly, as he only mentions that his son sent him a message before dying. When the portly woman asks him if his son is really dead, he is forced to face the reality that â€Å"his son was really dead-?gone forever-?forever†.